Aggressivity level of LTM (Macaca Fascicularis) and visitors' perception in Tlogo Muncar Kaliurang, Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi After Two Years of COVID-19 Pandemic

Long-tailed macaque/LTM (Macaca fascicularis) has good interaction and adaptation ability, as we found in the Tlogo Muncar area, Kaliurang, Yogyakarta, which is accustomed to visitors. Often food provision by visitors allegedly increases the aggressiveness of LTMs. Three groups of macaques identified at Tlogo Muncar are Waterfall, Joglo Trubus, and Mushola group. The study aimed to understand visitors' perceptions and the aggression level of LTM at Tlogo Muncar area, Merapi Mount National Park (Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi/TNGM) after two years of closure of the site caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic. Observations were conducted using the scan sampling method and continued by focal sampling. According to Wijayanto (2015), the aggressiveness of LTM is divided into four categories, aggressive level 1: dare to approach, potentially attack physically and steal goods or food from the front;aggressive level 2, steal goods or food from behind or side, aggressive level 3, steal goods or food when the visitor is off guard;and aggressive level 4, dare to approach when fed and only look for food waste in the dump. Observing visitors' perceptions was conducted by randomly distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents. The result showed that aggressive behaviour level 1 is generally carried out by adult male LTMs. However, aggressive behaviour observed is mainly aggressivity level 4. The questionnaire results indicate decreasing respondents' understanding of the disease transmission from long-tailed monkeys to humans compared to the 2021 questionnaire result. However, most visitors agreed that the interaction between humans and LTMs should be limited to a specific location within the area.

Comparative study of pandemics and their impact on children and adolescents: COVID-19 and Spanish Flu.

Overview: Pandemics are characterized by an abrupt and sudden outburst and absence of preparation for its management. The focus during pandemics is on the medical aspect of the disease and not on its impact on the citizens' or vulnerable groups' psychosocial wellbeing. Aim: The purpose of this study was to highlight the impact of the pandemics of the Spanish Flu and COVID-19 on children and adolescents as well as to recognize their short and long-terms effects on children's and adolescents' physical and mental health. Materials and Methods: The material of this review constituted of publications regarding the impact of the Spanish Flu and COVID-19 on children and adolescents via relative search through valid databases and websites of trustworthy organizations. Results: The main finding of the present review was that pandemics negatively affect children and adolescents undermining their mental and physical health. The factors that negatively impact on this population's normal development include parental death, financial hardships, restrictive measures, disruption of daily routine and absence of social contact. The short-term effects include anxiety, depression, aggressive behavior as well as fear and grief. Mental disorders, disability, poor academic performance and low socioeconomic level are among the long-term effects of the two under study pandemics. Conclusions: Children and adolescents constitute a vulnerable group amidst pandemics and there is a need for coordinated worldwide and national actions to prevent and timely manage a pandemic's impact.

Lessons learned from COVID-19: provider suggestions for improving service delivery in sexual violence resource centers and children's advocacy centers in Kentucky

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unique challenges for human service providers, especially as face-to-face services were limited by both formal and informal efforts to protect public health. Telehealth has emerged as a main strategy to ensure continuity of care. This study explored adaptations to services in child advocacy centers (CACs) and sexual violence resource centers (SVRCs) across the Commonwealth of Kentucky, particularly using telehealth. This study highlights respondents' suggestions about improving these service delivery systems and the particular emphasis on challenges and strengths of telehealth for reaching those in rural areas.

Helping students C.O.P.E.: Effects of a mental health program on adolescents with challenging behaviors

Mental health concerns are rising among adolescents and have intensified since the COVID-19 pandemic (APA, 2020). Specifically, externalizing behavior challenges perceived by adults as 'aggressive' place adolescents at an increased risk for negative outcomes, including poor academic achievement and involvement with the juvenile justice system (Skiba et al., 2014). Schools have a responsibility to respond to the mental health needs of adolescent students through the implementation of evidence-based intervention (Domitrovich et al., 2010). One program that has demonstrated effectiveness towards improving these outcomes is the seven-session Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment (COPE) Teen program, a cognitive-behavioral skills-building intervention. In this study, the COPE program was delivered virtually, through a culturally responsive lens, to three high school students with ongoing aggressive behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was hypothesized that the frequency and intensity of the aggressive behavior would decrease for each participant as a function of the COPE program. The behavior was operationally defined for each student and measured through direct observation by parents in the home setting. A single case multiple-baseline design was implemented. Visual analysis of data suggest that the frequency and intensity of aggressive behavior did not decrease as a function of the COPE program, indicating no intervention effect. Supplementary statistical analyses (e.g., log-response ratios) found varied intervention effects among students, ranging from no effects to small effects. Further, participants reported the COPE program as a helpful way to manage stress and would recommend it to their peers. The study results, limitations, and implications for future research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The uneven distribution of futurity: slow emergencies and the event of COVID-19

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic strains conventional temporal imaginaries through which emergencies are typically understood and governed. Rather than a transparent and linear temporality, a smooth transition across the series event/disruption-response-post-event recovery, the pandemic moves in fits and starts, blurring the boundary between normalcy and emergency. This distended temporality brings into sharp relief other slow emergencies such as racism, poverty, biodiversity loss, and climate change, which inflect how the pandemic is known and governed as an emergency. In this article, we reflect on COVID-19 responses in two settler colonial societies-Australia and the United States-to consider how distinct styles of pandemic responses in each context resonate and dissonate across the racially uneven distribution of futurity that structures liberal order. In each case, the event of COVID-19 has indeed opened a window that reveals multiple slow emergencies;yet in these and other responses this revelation is not leading to meaningful changes to address underlying forms of structural violence. In Australia and the United States, we see how specific slow emergencies-human-induced climate change and anti-Black violence in White supremacist societies, respectively-become intensified as liberal order recalibrates itself in response to the event of COVID-19.

Detention in pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, detained persons suffered an increasing number of human rights violations. A World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) report highlighted the abusive practices and legal ways to fight them. People in detention are generally at high risk of infectious diseases. Jails are overcrowded everywhere, hygiene is generally poor, and quarantine is often impossible. Persons with pre-existing medical conditions or pregnancies are especially vulnerable. It thus was no surprise that COVID-19 spread fast in detention facilities. Because of rules meant to contain the disease, infected persons often struggled to get in touch with lawyers and insisted on judicial review. Nonetheless, lawyers did find ways to assist people in jails and improve protection against COVID-19. This article highlights the OMCT report that assessed pandemic-related human rights issues, which were prevalent in many countries, focusing on Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It also discusses the legal and advocacy strategies and promising practices to protect people from COVID-19 in detention effectively, challenge ongoing and pandemic-related human rights violations occurring in detention settings, and seek accountability for abusive law enforcement measures.

Efforts to enhance mental health among school-aged children during the COVID-19 pandemic through the teacher and parent empowerment

School-aged children, as a developmental stage, are a group at high risk for mental health issues, particularly during this pandemic of COVID-19. Children may be perpetrators, witnesses, or victims of violence or irregularities perpetrated directly or through social media. This community service activity is designed to improve the mental health of children during the COVID-19 pandemic through early detection, prevention and early treatment of mental health issues through parental and teacher empowerment programs. When children learn online and do more activities at home with their families, there are many factors that affect children's mental health. For instance, cyberbullying, addiction to gadgets and the Internet, withdrawing from family interactions, anxiety, dishonesty and discipline in the performance of duties and children as witnesses and victims of abuse by those closest to them. This is not widely known by the school, teachers, counsellors and parents clearly, which results in the state of the child getting worse. Through an empowerment program that was conducted with socialization and training on early detection, preventive efforts and early treatment of mental health problems among school-aged children, they can discover early deviations that occur and take preventive measures with early treatment efforts. Henceforth, through this empowerment program, teachers and parents work together to carry out counselling activities and reflection sessions to understand the issues faced by students so that they can intervene immediately. Teachers and parents can work as a team to help children improve physical and mental health through online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Helping students C.O.P.E.: Effects of a mental health program on adolescents with challenging behaviors

Mental health concerns are rising among adolescents and have intensified since the COVID-19 pandemic (APA, 2020). Specifically, externalizing behavior challenges perceived by adults as 'aggressive' place adolescents at an increased risk for negative outcomes, including poor academic achievement and involvement with the juvenile justice system (Skiba et al., 2014). Schools have a responsibility to respond to the mental health needs of adolescent students through the implementation of evidence-based intervention (Domitrovich et al., 2010). One program that has demonstrated effectiveness towards improving these outcomes is the seven-session Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment (COPE) Teen program, a cognitive-behavioral skills-building intervention. In this study, the COPE program was delivered virtually, through a culturally responsive lens, to three high school students with ongoing aggressive behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was hypothesized that the frequency and intensity of the aggressive behavior would decrease for each participant as a function of the COPE program. The behavior was operationally defined for each student and measured through direct observation by parents in the home setting. A single case multiple-baseline design was implemented. Visual analysis of data suggest that the frequency and intensity of aggressive behavior did not decrease as a function of the COPE program, indicating no intervention effect. Supplementary statistical analyses (e.g., log-response ratios) found varied intervention effects among students, ranging from no effects to small effects. Further, participants reported the COPE program as a helpful way to manage stress and would recommend it to their peers. The study results, limitations, and implications for future research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Anger aggression and cyberbullying: US and German young adults' perspective

Cyberbullying is still a phenomenon that has gained global recognition over the past couple of years but still requires more research to fully understand the scope of the issue so that programs and strategies that effectively minimize the occurrence and the effect on individuals. Today's GenX are more intuned to cyber than the millennials with constant exposure to technology with such things a Metaverse, online learning, online classes during COVID, video chat, skype, Instagram, Tik Tok, etc. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the growing phenomenon of cyberbullying from the young adult perspective on anger aggression and age relation to cyberbullying behavior by comparing the experience of 45 participants each from the US and Germany's adolescent and young adult experiences. In order to gain an understanding of the young adult perspective a survey was conducted using questions from Cyber-Aggression Questionnaire for Adolescents (CYBA), Oleweus Bullying Survey, and the Youth Truth Student Survey and young adults ages 18 to 21 were recruited to participate. The QTB and CBI scales were used to score responses. SPSS was used to evaluate the data. Results showed a significance with relation to age being associated with the anger aggression stages and cyberbullying behavior, p < .05;and age as influencer of cyberbullying behavior, p <.05;and learning to control anger as a mitigator of cyberbullying p,.01. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Special Issue: COVID-19 and vulnerable populations volume/section 1. (Special Issue: COVID-19 and vulnerable populations volume/section 1.)

This special issue consists of 12 papers that explore how synergistic connections between COVID-19 and many health and well-being variables unfolded across the world with different vulnerable populations, including survivors of sexual assault, people with disabilities, college students, Black Americans, caregivers, survivors of domestic violence, pregnant women, and people living in low-income neighborhoods.

Anorexia and COVID-19: Aggression and trauma?

The lockdowns due to Covid-19 led to a sharp increase in hospitalizations of adolescents for severe anorexia. Though the clinical profile was typical, the investment of hospitalization and treatment was quite unusual. The investment of a space of one's own enabled a resumption of boundary-work, restoring the differentiation between fantasy and reality, allowing a process of subjectal appropriation to resume, and putting at a distance the traumatic invasion and the oral regression provoked by the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (French) Les confinements lies au Covid-19 ont entraine une forte augmentation des hospitalisations pour anorexie severe chez des adolescents. Si le tableau clinique etait typique, l'investissement de l'hospitalisation et des soins etait tres inhabituel. L'investissement d'un espace a soi, a permis la reprise d'un travail de frontiere entrainant la restauration de la differenciation realite/fantasme, la reprise d'un processus d'appropriation subjectale et la mise a distance de l'effraction traumatique et la regression orale induites par la pandemie. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Spanish) Los confinamientos vinculados al covid-19 han ocasionado una fuerte aumentacion de hospitalizaciones por anorexia severa de adolescentes. Si el cuadro clinico era tipico, el manejo de la hospitalizacion y de la cura resulto muy inhabitual. La ocupacion de un espacio para si mismo, ha permitido de retomar un trabajo de frontera permitiendo asi, la restauracion de la diferenciacion realidad/fantasia pero tambien de relanzar el proceso de apropiacion subjetiva y la distanciacion de la efraccion traumatica y la regresion oral que fue inducida por la pandemia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The relationship between internet addiction and aggressive behavior among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Anxiety as a mediator.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges for adolescents, who tended to experience more emotional instability, impulsivity, and aggressive behavior driven by the fear of infection and the uncertainty of network information. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between Internet addiction and aggressive behavior, and the mediating effects of depression and anxiety. There were differences in Internete addiction and aggressive behavior in gender, thus the moderating role of gender between them were explored. A total of 1148 middle school students were invited to complete the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire, the Internet Addition Scale, the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) separately. The results suggested that 1) there was a significant positive correlation between Internet addiction and aggressive behavior; 2) anxiety, but not depression, mediated the effect of Internet addiction on aggressive behavior; 3) gender did not moderate the effect of Internet addiction on aggressive behavior. The practical implication of the current findings on boosting adolescents' mental health was discussed and further suggestions were provided.

Estado emocional de cuidadores y de niños preescolares: antes y durante la cuarentena por COVID-19

At present it is going through a global pandemic that forced the human being to adopt different ways of relating and doing their daily tasks, for that reason we wanted to make a comparison of the depressive symptoms of caregivers, the perception of the function family and internalized and externalized problems in children aged two to five years, in three groups interviewed at three times: 1) before quarantine by COVID-19 in Colombia, 2) during the first three weeks of quarantine and 3 ) from the fourth to the sixth week of quarantine. The questionnaires used measured: sociodemographic characteristics, the perception of the impact of COVID-19 on the lives of individuals, the perception of family-function, depressive symptoms of caregivers, and the behavior and emotional state of children. Aggressive behavior (Mean = 8,79;p = 0,000), anxiety (3,85;p = 0,025) and attention problems (2,53;p = 0,023) were found to be higher in the third group studied. The perception of family function was more positive in the third group (Average: 14,06;p = 0,006).Alternate :La cuarentena por la pandemia de COVID-19, trajo consigo diversos retos para las familias con niños pequeños. Muchos niños dejaron de ir al parque, a los centros de desarrollo infantil, a donde los abuelos. Por esa razón, el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los síntomas depresivos de cuidadores(as), la percepción de la función familiar y los problemas internalizados y externalizados en niños(as) de dos a cinco años, en tres grupos entrevistados en tres momentos: 1) antes de la cuarentena por COVID-19 en Colombia, 2) durante las tres primeras semanas de cuarentena y 3) de la cuarta a la sexta semana de cuarentena. Los cuestionarios usados midieron: características sociodemográficas, la percepción del impacto del COVID-19 en la vida de los individuos, la percepción de la función-familiar, los síntomas depresivos de cuidadores, y el comportamiento y estado emocional de los niños. Se halló que el comportamiento agresivo (Media= 8,79;p=0,000), la ansiedad (3,85;p=0,025) y los problemas de atención (2,53;p=0,023) fueron más altos en el tercer grupo estudiado. La percepción de la función familiar fue más positiva en el tercer grupo (Media: 14,06;p=0,006).

Social isolation and post-COVID neuropsychological damage

Social isolation (SI) exerts a harmful effect on brain plasticity even in healthy animals and humans. We reported some new connections between aggressive behavior and SI, and new mechanisms of SI damaging effect on experimental rodents in previous studies. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits neurotropism through its affinity for the ACE2 receptor in endothelial cells found in the brain. The neurotropism in the disease caused by the new coronavirus accords with a wide spectrum of neurological, psychiatric and psychological symptoms. It had been reported that up to almost 43% of SARS survivors developed long-lasting psychiatric morbidity that persisted at 4 years follow up with main diagnoses in diminishing order of representation: posttraumatic stress disorders, depression, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Full assessment of the long-term risk of neurological and psychological complications will be greatly needed once the coronavirus pandemic is over. Based on current data and the reported experience with SARS-CoV we hypothesize that the neurobehavioral sequelae of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 will necessitate close interaction between emergency medicine and psychological support. The role of social support for the restoration of post-Covid neuropsychological damage is essential because the human being is not only a biological object but also a social subject who needs support from other humans.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of citizens of the Republic of Bulgaria

Introduction: The emergence of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic have challenged all aspects of social and economic life in different countries, their health care systems, as well as the mental health of the population. The introduction of anti-epidemic measures with different duration and severity temporarily deprived of any of democratic freedoms and achievements and marked social communication with new rules. The tension and fear of the unknown, caused by the new disease, limited access to health facilities, impoverishment and job loss, increased mortality, restriction of contacts affected somewhat the mentality of every human being. Various researchers, including in Bulgaria, report significant negative effects on mental health, as this situation shows a clear negative trend. Aim: The article aims to present the second phase of the NCPHA study on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Bulgarian citizens.

Family efforts in preventing COVID-19 on special needs children. (Special Issue: ICONURS.)

Introduction: Indonesia has experienced a crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Both adults and children are affected by the crisis. The incidence of COVID-19 in children is not as many as in adults, but prevention efforts need to be done by families. Likewise for children with special needs. The article aims to explain family effort in preventing COVID-19 on children with special needs. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify papers on family efforts to prevent COVID-19 in children with special needs using the PubMed databases between 1st of January and 31st of December 2020. The search identified 15 relevant scientific papers.

Where there was no COVID-19: strengthening health systems response to disease threats in Tabora, Tanzania

Background: In May 2020, the international non-governmental organization Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE) sought to enable health systems in Tanzania to address COVID-19 health response. CARE leveraged existing partnerships with the Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children and the President's Office of Regional Administration and Local Government in the largest geographic region of Tanzania, Tabora Region. At the time, the government declared Tanzania to be free from COVID-19 and did not permit partners to implement COVID-19 programming. In this context, CARE implemented integrated health systems strengthening support for government response to not only COVID-19 but also other infectious diseases.

Confined community health: reflections and experiences from the local public health

This paper aims to share the reflections related to the community actions in which the Agencia de Salut Publica de Barcelona has been involved during the emergency of COVID-19. The tasks carried out can be arranged in three stages, frequently overlapping: detection of needs and problems;contact with key stakeholders to assess what to do and how to do it;adaptation of the interventions to the "new normal" and generation of new responses. The emerging problems included: not being able to do the confinement (due to homelessness, material conditions, living in a situation of violence);digital gap (lack of knowledge, devices, access to Wifi);greater exposure to COVID-19 in the essential but precarious, feminized and racialized jobs (care, cleaning, food shops) that are the most frequent in the neighborhoods in where we work;language and cultural barriers that preclude to follow recommendations;to lose employment;insufficient income to cover basic needs;social isolation;and the deterioration of emotional health caused by the situation. During the process, some interventions were adapted to be delivered on-line. Solidarity networks and local resources were key to meet basic needs, but also other needs related to lack of digital knowledge or device. Community action in health, from a critical, intersectional and local perspective, and with intersectoral work and community participation, can contribute to: facilitate a contextualized response in the event of a health crisis;mitigate the effects derived from its economic and social crisis.

Experiences of China's social workers in interprofessional practice during the COVID-19 public health emergency

Purpose: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in China, social workers have participated in fighting the virus in interprofessional teams. This exploratory study examined social workers' experiences in interprofessional practice during the early stage of combating COVID-19. Method: We used a purposive sampling strategy to recruit social workers. Ten semi-structured, in-depth interviews and thematic analyses were conducted. Results: Results indicate that social workers experienced ambiguous professional identities and role confusion in interprofessional teams;found communication to be key to interprofessional practice;and identified facilitators and barriers at the organizational level. Conclusion: The interprofessional practice in fighting COVID-19 has less mature or formal forms in China. Recommendations for promoting social workers' roles in interprofessional practice in China are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Parental perceptions of increased child-to- parent violence of Spanish adolescents during COVID-19 lockdown

Background: Internationally, there was a warning of the risk of increased domestic violence during lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including child-to-parent violence. The objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of different violent behaviors from children to parents during pre-lockdown, lockdown and immediately after, between March 14 and June 20, 2020, and to assess differences in behaviors between pre-lockdown and lockdown and between pre-lockdown and post-lockdown.